Spatial structure of contextual modulation

Spatial structure of contextual modulation.

Contextual effects are ubiquitous in vision and provide a means for detectors with localized receptive fields to encode global properties of a stimulus. Although the nature of the neural connections is complex, the majority of evidence supports the Gestalt idea of collinearity; interactions are greatest when the target and surround orientations are spatially aligned to form a contour. Here we c...

Contextual Modulation of Target

Contextual modulation of memory consolidation.

We investigate olfactory memory consolidation in honeybees. Three experiments are reported that include 1024 animals in 28 experimental groups. After one pairing of odorant and sucrose reward, retention is typically nonmonotonic with a minimum 3 min after conditioning. This corresponds to the "Kamin effect" in vertebrates; the postminimum rise in retention is usually interpreted as reflecting m...

Contextual Modulation of Target Saliency

The most popular algorithms for object detection require the use of exhaustive spatial and scale search procedures. In such approaches, an object is defined by means of local features. fu this paper we show that including contextual information in object detection procedures provides an efficient way of cutting down the need for exhaustive search. We present results with real images showing tha...

Contextual Modulation outside of Awareness

Contextual effects are ubiquitous in vision and reveal fundamental principles of sensory coding. Here, we demonstrate that an oriented surround grating can affect the perceived orientation of a central test grating even when backward masking of the surround prevents its orientation from being consciously perceived. The effect survives introduction of a gap between test and surround of over a de...